When answering this question, highlight your understanding of both preclinical and clinical trial phases. Discuss specific techniques such as in vitro studies, animal testing, and various phases of clinical trials (Phase I, II, III, and IV). Mention any relevant regulatory guidelines you follow, such as those from the FDA or EMA. Provide examples of how you've applied these techniques in past projects to demonstrate your hands-on experience.
Example: "To analyze the efficacy and safety of new drugs, I start with in vitro studies to understand the drug's mechanism of action at the cellular level. This is followed by in vivo studies using animal models to assess the drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Once preclinical data is promising, I move on to clinical trials, starting with Phase I to evaluate safety in a small group of healthy volunteers, followed by Phase II and III to assess efficacy and further safety in larger patient populations. I also ensure compliance with FDA guidelines throughout the process. For instance, in my last project, I led a team through all these phases to successfully bring a new antibiotic to market."
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